本土台灣人的自衛權利法源（The People of Taiwan’s Right of Self-defense）。如果是根據台灣關係法Taiwan Relations Act來看
SEC. 3. IMPLEMENTATION OF UNITED STATES POLICY WITH REGARD TO TAIWAN.

(a) In furtherance of the policy set forth in section 2 of this Act, the United States will make available to Taiwan such defense articles and defense services in such quantity as may be necessary to enable Taiwan to maintain a sufficient self-defense capability.

SEC. 15. DEFINITIONS.
For purposes of this Act—

(2) the term "Taiwan" includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores, the people on those islands, corporations and other entities and associations created or organized under the laws applied on those islands, and the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized by the United States as the Republic of China prior to January 1, 1979, and any successor governing authorities (including political subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities thereof).

台灣關係法架構內，美國是將「供應(make available)」武器予1979年1月1日前，被美國承認為中華民國之台灣治理當局，及後繼治理當局使能維持充分之「自衛能力(self-defense capability)」。

日本台灣被佔領地，為佔領方之美國政府，是依美國國會在舊金山和平條約Article 6(a)及Article 23(a)架構內，制定之台灣關係法和盟友性質之中國殖民政權建立代理關係，然而，是依戰爭法和為被佔領方之台灣民政府有「從屬關係」。被佔領方，台灣民政府並不能鯉躍龍門，搖身變成佔領方政府，取代中國殖民政權，以成為台灣美國軍政府之代理。因此，被佔領方台灣民政府之角色，並非台灣關係法架構內，與佔領方台灣治理當局同為佔領方之後繼治理當局。美國方面是應廢除台灣關係法，終止和本質為中國殖民政權之台灣治理當局間之代理關係，依戰爭法正式設立台灣民政府，故被佔領方台灣民政府是向佔領方台灣美國軍政府，並非向代理佔領方中國殖民政權取得台灣治理權。台灣民政府是依「戰爭法和萬國公法」而非「台灣關係法」和美國當局有關係，是以台灣關係法並不適用於台灣民政府。

琉球政府和琉球列島美國民政府間，既不存在「琉球關係法」，台灣民政府和台灣美國軍政府間，就無需有台灣關係法。

主權國家才有行使「自衛權」之正當性：

1.根據 UN Charter Article 51 (聯合國憲章第51條)
Nothing in the present charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a member of the United Nations. 會員國如遭武力攻擊，目前之聯合國憲章中沒有會損及其個別，或集體自衛之天賦權利的條款。

2. US-Japan Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (美日共同協防協定)
Reaffirming their belief as stated in the Treaty of Peace with Japan signed at the city of San Francisco on September 8, 1951 that Japan as a sovereign nation possesses the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense referred to in Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations.
美日兩國重申，日本依1951年9月8日在舊金山所簽訂之對日和約，日本為主權國家，依聯合國憲章第51條擁有個別或集體自衛之天賦權利。

金門和馬祖是中華民國之「殘餘領土(rump territories)」，中華民國金馬人民依「自衛權」成立自衛隊，悍衛僅存於金馬之中華民國是有正當性。金馬自衛隊是於1992年11月7日，因金門馬祖解除戰地政務而正式解散。相對地，基於佔領軍負有防衛被佔領地責任，不允許具敵意之被佔領地住民組織自衛隊，中華民國未曾比照金馬地區在台灣成立「台灣自衛隊」。

琉球列島美國民政府組織中是有「保安部(Public Safety Department)」，並無「兵役部」，琉球列島美國軍政府1945年4月1日至1950年12月14日，運作期間成立之「沖繩民政府、臨時北部南西諸島政廳、宮古民政府及八重山民政府」；琉球列島美國民政府1950年12月15日至1972年5月14日，運作期間成立之「琉球臨時中央政府及其後之琉球政府」，其組織中皆設有負責治安之警察機構，並無參與防衛之兵役機構，由此可以證明琉球列島在美國託管期間，並未成立「琉球自衛隊」，換言之，敵方被佔領地住民，無組織自衛隊正當性。

1950年6月25日韓戰爆發後，由於駐日美軍全部被派赴朝鮮戰場，致使日本防衛呈真空狀態。盟軍最高統帥麥克阿瑟將軍1950年7月8日，致函予吉田茂首相，命令日本政府成立75,000名「警察預備隊(National Police Reserve)」以及增編8,000名「海岸警備隊(Coast Guard)」。日本政府則是於1950年8月10日，依照最高統帥麥克阿瑟將軍政令第260號，成立為數75,000名持有輕裝武器之「警察預備隊」，於1952年10月15日擴編成為數110,000名，持有重裝武器之「保安隊(National Safety Forces)」，1954年7月1日轉型為日本國「自衛隊(Self-Defense Forces)」，此為日本自衛隊的由來。

上述歷史資料可知，日本在盟軍佔領期間，只能組織擔負「內部維安(to enforce domestic public order)」之「警察預備隊」，因舊金山和平條約生效而回復主權國家地位後，才得以擔負「外部防衛(to enforce national defense)」之「自衛隊」名義下，重建軍備。因此，由盟軍佔領日本本土及琉球列島模式，合理推論，台灣美國軍政府在終止中國殖民政權，對日本台灣之代理佔領權後，至台灣達最終地位期間內，只能賦予台灣民政府內部維安性質之「警備權」，非外部防衛性質之「自衛權」。

敵方被佔領地住民，如經原始佔領國同意，當有組織自衛隊之正當性。

基於台灣並非主權國家，並不享有聯合國憲章第51條所保障之「個別或集體自衛天賦權利」，台灣民政府應在適當時點發表聲明，肯定日本政府行使個別或集體自衛權以防衛台灣，這一點，對日本或台灣是非常重要的，經允許，設立自衛隊是自然且合法。

美國並不承認承認中國殖民政權為主權國家，卻承認其有自衛權。自台灣關係法生效以來，中國殖民政權不曾而也無需行使該自衛權。真正能據以防衛台灣領土之法源，其實是日本以主權國家地位，為履行其對台灣之「天賦主權義務(natural obligations of sovereignty)」而行使「天賦個別或集體自衛權利(inherent rights of individual or collective self-defense)」。美國「賜予」中國殖民政權之「自衛權」，事實上根本派不上用場，美國基於國家利益，為讓所謂「軍售台灣」有正當性，創造出來之權宜措施。

台灣民政府一方面，應堅持在「戰爭法和萬國公法」架構內運作，提防被美國方面誤導入「台灣關係法」，再度以新模糊取代舊模糊。另一方面，將強調「萬國公法和戰爭法」的要求，美國應該早日將流亡中華民國政府驅離，將「台灣大政奉還台灣民政府」。

It is a principle that no one, even though commanded, is bound to do that which is unlawful.
戰爭法原則是即使被命令，沒有人必須做非法之事。

作者：林 志昇（武林 志昇˙林 峯弘）
福爾摩沙法理建國會 執行長
2011/09/05
2013/01/03

參考資料：
TAIWAN RELATIONS ACT

Taiwan Relations Act

January 1, 1979
英文 http://www.ait.org.tw/en/taiwan-relations-act.html
中文 http://www.ait.org.tw/zh/taiwan-relations-act.html

TAIWAN RELATIONS ACT
PUBLIC LAW 96-8 96TH CONGRESS

Question: Does the establishment and maintenance of "Self Defense Forces" on Taiwan by the Taiwan Civil Government (TCG) comply with the content of the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA)?

Analysis: The TRA contains several sections, below highlighted in yellow, which can be interpreted to support legality of the establishment and maintenance of "Self Defense Forces" by the TCG.

An Act

To help maintain peace, security, and stability in the Western Pacific and to promote the foreign policy of the United States by authorizing the continuation of commercial, cultural, and other relations between the people of the United States and the people on Taiwan, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

Short Title

SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the "Taiwan Relations Act".

Findings and Declaration of Policy
Section. 2.

1. The President having terminated governmental relations between the United States and the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized by the United States as the Republic of China prior to January 1, 1979, the Congress finds that the enactment of this Act is necessary--

1. to help maintain peace, security, and stability in the Western Pacific; and

2. to promote the foreign policy of the United States by authorizing the continuation of commercial, cultural, and other relations between the people of the United States and the people on Taiwan.

2. It is the policy of the United States--

1. to preserve and promote extensive, close, and friendly commercial, cultural, and other relations between the people of the United States and the people on Taiwan, as well as the people on the China mainland and all other peoples of the Western Pacific area;

2. to declare that peace and stability in the area are in the political, security, and economic interests of the United States, and are matters of international concern;

3. to make clear that the United States decision to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China rests upon the expectation that the future of Taiwan will be determined by peaceful means;

4. to consider any effort to determine the future of Taiwan by other than peaceful means, including by boycotts or embargoes, a threat to the peace and security of the Western Pacific area and of grave concern to the United States;

5. to provide Taiwan with arms of a defensive character; and

6. to maintain the capacity of the United States to resist any resort to force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security, or the social or economic system, of the people on Taiwan.

3. Nothing contained in this Act shall contravene the interest of the United States in human rights, especially with respect to the human rights of all the approximately eighteen million inhabitants of Taiwan. The preservation and enhancement of the human rights of all the people on Taiwan are hereby reaffirmed as objectives of the United States.

Implementation of United States Policy with Regard to Taiwan
Section. 3.

1. In furtherance of the policy set forth in section 2 of this Act, the United States will make available to Taiwan such defense articles and defense services in such quantity as may be necessary to enable Taiwan to maintain a sufficient self-defense capability.

2. The President and the Congress shall determine the nature and quantity of such defense articles and services based solely upon their judgment of the needs of Taiwan, in accordance with procedures established by law. Such determination of Taiwan's defense needs shall include review by United States military authorities in connection with recommendations to the President and the Congress.