台灣民政府公布美機密檔案台灣實相 1
Taiwan in Truth
【台灣實相內容由美國國家機密檔案室提供。】
One of the first secret CIA reports on Taiwan was issued March 14, 1949, and was titled Probable Developments in Taiwan. The secret report stated:
At the present time Taiwan is not legally a part of the Chinese Republic. Its status remains to be determined in the peace treaty with Japan. The island has, however, been under Chinese administration since the Japanese surrender in 1945. China's position in Taiwan rests on (1) military control, and (2) the Cairo Declaration of November 1943, in which the US and the UK as well as China announced their purpose to restore Taiwan and the Pescadores to the Republic of China. The US and the UK reaffirmed the Cairo Declaration at Potsdam on 26 July 1945. Subsequently the USSR adhered to the Potsdam Proclamation, and thereby to the Cairo Declaration.
However, neither the U.S. nor any other power, has formally recognized the annexation by China of Taiwan, the legal status of which, until the conclusion of a Japanese peace treaty, is that of an occupied territory in which the US, as well as the other participants in the war against Japan, still have proprietary interests.
There is strong sentiment in Taiwan favoring autonomy, but the situation is complicated by the conflicting interest of the native Taiwanese and Chinese Nationalist elements. The Taiwanese bitterly resent the performance of the Nationalist administration on Taiwan since VJ-day. The Chinese rulers have exploited the native population to the limit, without regard for their welfare or the preservation of the island’s resources. The explosive nature of the Taiwanese problem was dramatically demonstrated in the abortive insurrection of 1947.
A successful Taiwanese rebellion against the Chinese Government in the near future is quite improbable, owing to lack of effective organization and leadership and the presence of Nationalist military forces on the island.
由以上1949年3月14日所提出之CIA報告可得知：
1. 依戰爭法，被佔領地是被視為外國(Occupied territory is regarded as foreign)，中華民國是「佔領日本台灣」而「非光復中國台灣」。
2. 本土台灣人自治和國民政府因利益衝突而情況複雜。
3. 中國佔領當局非但未依國際法善盡佔領義務，保護被佔領方台灣人其生命和財產，反而極力剝削台灣人，確為「不法治理」，以致台灣人「反抗有理」。
4. 國際社會將228事件定位為「1947年台灣人反抗中國人統治(Taiwanese rebellion against Chinese rule in 1947)」。
中國佔領當局，在日本台灣佔領地得以屠殺台灣人之法理依據是戰爭法：
Those who rebel against their authority are regarded as deserving severest punishment. 那些不順從佔領當局的人是該受到最嚴厲之懲罰。
I.英國劍橋大學發行部(Cambridge University Press)於1910年所出版之
"The Cambridge Modern History(劍橋現代史)"述及「日本人的台灣佔領(Japanese occupation of Formosa)」：
Under the Treaty of Shimonoseki, signed on April 17, 1895, which terminated the War, the island of Formosa, together with the outlying group of islands known as the Pescadores, were permanently ceded to Japan. Some sentiment influenced the demand for its cession, made by the victorious Japanese, as it was claimed that Formosa was occupied by their ancestors in the thirteenth century and that geologically it formed a link in the continuous chain of islands that constitutes the empire. .................. Little had been done by the Chinese during their long occupation to develop the resources of the island.
II.REPORTS ON THE SITUATION IN FORMOSA (TAIWAN), PARTICULARLY RESPECTING FORMOSAN DISSATISFATION WITH ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES OF THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT
The Consul at Taipei (Blake) to the Ambassador in China (Stuart)
Taipei, January 10, 1947
The current susceptibility to rumors and fears of a return of Japanese in force may spring from the widely circulated story that certain formerly prominent but unidentified Japanese, upon leaving Keelung for repatriation, boasted that in as much as Japan was not defeated by China but by America, the Japanese would be back in Formosa within twenty years. This gives local emphasis to the belief that America, disappointed in China's failure to achieve unity and economic recovery, is now prepared to support Japan's recovery as fully as possible.
III.蔣介石於1949年5月25日，自澎湖馬公飛抵台灣高雄，隨後於6月24日抵達台北，定居陽明山第一賓館，於12月10日起，正式運作佔領兼流亡之中國殖民政權。美國和英國在1949年5月至8月間，所持之觀點（美政府機密檔案），值得參考，整理如下：
1. Telegram from the Consul at Taipei (Edgar) to the Secretary of State
A. May 6
a. ................., although recognizing interim de facto Chinese administration Taiwan, US and other governments have responsibilities Taipei welfare and cannot disregard recent tendency Chinese to treat Taipei in unilateral manner endangering peace, welfare, natives not yet legally Chinese. Taipei must not be dragged into Chinese civil conflict.
b. Troops and official refugees continue pour in.
B. May 17
a. Captain of Keelung Harbor Police told me about 1,000 of 3,000 passengers on last week's ship from Shanghai were admitted without permits. At dinner Governor Chen confirmed this, ......
b. Mayor of Taipei, same dinner, expressed personal concern over law and order problems here result of "uncontrolled" influx.
C. May 17
I have the honor to enclose the text of a memorandum left at the Consulate General entitled "Appealing for a Prompt Action" and signed by a Chen Fong-Chu who lists himself as President of the Formosan Democratic Independent Party.
The memorandum, after reviewing Taiwan's troubles, claims that "the duty and responsibility of protection of Formosa must fall upon USA to drive out the unwanted KMT elements from our island once the term of trusteeship is impractical to them."
2. Memorandum by the Secretary of State to the Executive Secretary of the National Security Council (Souers) Washington, May 18, 1949
In accordance with the Department's instructions, Mr. Merchant has informally and orally indicated to a high ranking Government official on Formosa that a further influx of refugees from the mainland would prove detrimental to the political health of and an economic liability to Formosa.
3. Telegram from the Secretary of State to the Minister-Counselor of Embassy in China (Clark), at Canton Washington, May 18, 1949
a. Dept's position re status Taiwan made clear in statement by Dept spokesman that final determination must await conclusion peace settlement for Japan.Comment drawn in Chi press and statement presenting contrary view by Wang Shih-Chieh indicate Chi well aware US position this matter.
b. In any event, implementation of Chi decision re governorship Taiwan does not fall within US competence and you shld so inform Li or his representative.
4. Telegram from the Consul at Taipei (Edgar) to the Secretary Taipei, May 19, 1949
Provincial government and Taiwan garrison today
jointly proclaimed martial law here effective May 20. All ports closed except Keelung, Kaohsiung and Makung. Execution for usual offenses.
5. Memorandum by Mr. Livingston T. Merchant to the Director of the office of Far Eastern Affairs (Butterworth)
Washington, May 24, 1949
a. United States Government policy with respect to Formosa was established in NSC 37/2, 60 approved by the President on February 3, 1949, and in NSC 37/5, 61 approved by the President on March 3, 1949. In essence, this policy was designed to secure the denial of Formosa to any Communist or Communist-dominated government on the Mainland. The means available to secure this objective were stipulated to be diplomatic and economic support of the governing group on the island.
b. In November 1948 and in successive waves thereafter, rich refugees and units of the armed forces streamed into Formosa from the mainland. The total of such immigrants is variously estimated to run between five hundred thousand and a million. The present troop strength on the Island is now estimated to exceed two hundred thousand. The economic impact of this migration has been tremendous.
c. An immediate military assault on the Island by the Communists seems improbable (i.e., within the next six months). The preparation of the necessary military expedition would seem to require at least that length of time and there is no evidence yet at hand that the Communists are directing their primary attention to Formosa.
d. The Formosan population is restless and deeply resentful of their Chinese rulers.
e. In the past six months the economy of Formosa has deteriorated seriously and rapidly primarily because the population has suddenly been increased by between ten and twenty percent and the new arrivals have been economically non-productive.
f. To summarize and over simplify, we find ourselves faced on Formosa with a situation very similar to that which confronted us on the Mainland a year ago.The Government in power is corrupt and incompetent.
6. The Ambassador in the United Kingdom (Douglas) to the Secretary of State London, May 25, 1949
a. Tie stated that should a refugee Chinese government or a Chinese government in exile be set up in Taiwan, which is not yet legally Chinese territory, it is probable that the British Government would simply appoint a British Consulate in Tamsui as an office of the British Embassy in China. His own opinions were that any Chinese government established in Taiwan would be in a very ambiguous position and would present difficult problems to the governments of the world and especially to the United Nations.
b. Dening said, one thing is certain, the Communist must not be allowed by the Western nations to take Taiwan.
c. During the debate on China in the House of Commons on May 5, Mr. Walter Fletcher (Conservative) wished to discuss the problem of Taiwan. He was ruled out of order by the Deputy Chairman (Mr. Bowles) (labor), who made the following surprising statement:
"Formosa, I realize, is the seat of the present Nationalist Government of China. But it is not China. I think it was part of Japan. My geography may be weak, but surely Hong Kong, although ruled by the Colonial office here, is really geographically part of China. Formosa is a part of Japan, and is not really China, though the Chinese Government may be there."( 未完待續 )
台灣民政府 秘書長 林 志昇
2015/04/25
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